I have used Google book search to find some of the best books in c++.

Here are my collection.

	Nice book to start with your C++ learning and it should be one of the first book to start with. It covers all the basics about C++ in a very simple and easy way. Google book preview
	This is a very simple C++ book but also contains many errors when it comes to object oriented concept and so unless your tutor follows this, it can be avoided. Google book preview
	This is one of the best book in C++ for starters as well as for intermediate users and has been awarded best book of the month by oxford journals. Its a must have book for any C++ learner. Google book preview | Amazon
	This is one of the book which has very simplistic approach when it comes to explanation but when it comes to exercise this is one of the better books to have. You should get the exercises from this book to get your hands on the programming. Google book preview |Amazon
	This is more of a reference book which you should have in your collection for learning C++. Google book preview | Amazon
	This is for basic to intermediate level C++ programmer and approaches C++ programming the way it should be i.e. object oriented approach. Google book preview | Amazon
	This book is more for intermediate to advance level C++ programmers but this also discusses the evolution of C++ based on "C" and so this book is for someone who is moving from C to C++. Google book preview | Amazon
	Any C++ collection of books cannot be complete unless you have a good book on Standard Template Library ( STL ). This is the book for those who are familiar with basic to intermediate level of C++ programming. Google book preview | Amazon
	This is one of the better reference books for STL and a must for collection of good books in C++. It also has complete and comprehensive coverage of ANSI/ISO C++ standard. Google book preview | Amazon
	Finally we would have something which teaches more about Data Structures and their implementation using Standard Template Library ( STL ). This books explains the Data Structures briefly and some basic knowledge of Data Structure is an added advantage. Google book preview | Amazon

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PHP has come a long way in the last few years and now its one of the most popular known web language but has any one of us thought why the Name of the language is PHP and nothing else Or what is the full form of PHP. If No read through the complete post here.

I don't know why but the first question that comes to my mind when I start on it is why the programming language name is what it is.

C

When I started on C the same question came to my mind and the answer this is what I found Dennis Ritchie of Bell Labs created the C Programming Language in 1971-1972 and at that time there were couple of languages like A and B before C language came into existence and so he named the awesome language as C.

C++

The same question came to mind when I started my quest to learn C++ and probably I found the answer too many times in each book of C++ and so I would not add much detail here. C++ was written by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs during 1983-1985. C++ is an extension of C and so was named with the postfix operator of C to give it one step forward then C.

C#

Couple of years back again the same question came for C# when I started on C# and .NET and the answer I found is # can be broken into ++++ and so its names as #. So now we can understand that C# is an extension of C++ but without backward compatibility with the same compiler.

PHP

Now the same question with PHP. Ohhh, too many questions haaan? But I found this answer the most interesting.

PHP was originally created Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, and was just collection of some Perl scripts and library of C programs for tracking accesses to his online resume. Thus was born the first version of PHP. He named this set of scripts 'Personal Home Page Tools'. He confesses that he created PHP purely to serve his own interest, to solve his own set of problems. He made the source publicly available so others could benefit from it. That set the ball rolling.

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Once doing Code Review I found a code snippet like this and so thought would share my experience here.

CDialog *SomeDialog = new CMyDialog(<<Some Param>>);
SomeDialog->SomeFunction(this);

In the above code we always assume that SomeDialog is always allocated with the CMyDialog class pointer but that may not be the case always and so its always better to have the code as follows.

CDialog *SomeDialog = new CMyDialog(<<Some Param>>);
if(SomeDialog != NULL)
{
    SomeDialog->SomeFunction(this);
}

and it would always make your programming effort safer and subject to less crashes.

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Many developers like me tend to write code in ANSI compilation till we managed to get our hands on Visual Studio 2005 where the default setting is Unicode compilation and so you may need to be using the _T() / TEXT like function and if you are aware of them your life could become hell.

So here is how to change that.

Go to Project Menu and select <Project Name> Properties.

Then Select the Configuration Properties in the Left Tree Menu

You will see there Character Set and change that to Not Set.

Hurray you are done.

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Structures are a group of data elements, and we can access them using the structures. The data elements can be from any types.

Sample of a structure

struct StructName
{
    int i;
    char c;
} obj1, obj2;

So, a structure is declared with the "struct" keyword, then comes its name. Then, in the braces we declare the data elements. After the braces we write the names (object) we will use for using that structure, that objects are global. We end with a semicolon.

Instead of the global object, we can create other objects wherever we want.
Here is an example of creating the object

struct StructName obj;

And then, using its data elements

obj.i=5;
obj.c='a';

We can create as many as we want objects from a structure.

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Functions are pieces of code, that can be executed by calling from another function. You know that a common C++ application, must have one function, that functions is int main().

So there is a statement of a function

return_type function_name(parameter1, parameter2,...)

{

// Statements

}

• return_type, is the type that the function returns as a result (eg. int, float, string,...). It can be void, if the function doesn't return anything.
• function_name, is the identifier of the function, we can call the function using that identifier
• parameters, values that we give to the function to make some operations with them
• statements, the code in the function, it is surrounded by braces

Example:

#include 
 
using namespace std;
 
int sum(int a, int b)
{
return a+b;
}
 
int main()
{
int x=5;
int y=6;
int z=sum(x, y);
cout << z << endl;
}

The function expects two arguments, the first will be the value of x, the second will be the value of y. And it will return their sum.

So, we initialize two variables, x and y. And the variable z will get the value of the sum of x and y. That operation is performed by the function.

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In the previous tutorial we explained how to do that in C#, now we will do that in C++.
So, create a Win32 C++ Console Application. This tutorial will be similar to the tutorial for writing to file in c++,
So, write this code

 
int main()
{
	ifstream in;
	in.open("text.txt");
 
	char line[256];
 
	while(in.getline(line, 256))
	cout << line << endl;
 
	in.close();
}

Here we read the file line by line, and write its content to the console.
We have one char variable where we will store that lines, it will be long 256 characters. We are using the ifstream class, and creating an object from it, opening the file, do our work, and in the end we are closing the handle from our application to the file we read.
That's it. Very simple.

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Trigraph is a sequence of three characters. The first two always are question marks "??".
Trigraphs are equivalent to some single characters. Here is a table from trigraphs and their equivalents

This can cause some problems for new programmers. See this example

// This will be executed???????????/
i++;

This line of code will not be executed, because is used a trigraph "??/" the compiler will not compile the line.

Digraphs are used for the same issues as the trigraphs, see the digraphs

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In this article we will explain moving the pointer through an array. It's simple but sometimes confusing.
So try these simple examples in your unmanaged C++ project.

Creating an array and assigning a pointer to it

int arr[4];
int *ptr = arr;  //[*][ ][ ][ ] Points at the first element of the array

When using pointers and arrays, we don't need to use ampersand (&) to assign the address of the array to the pointer. It returns the address of the first array element. But if we want to point at other element (not the first) we must use an ampersand.

Then we assign a value to the first element

*ptr = 2;        //1st

Moving the pointer two places forward (his address will increase by the size of integer which is 4 bytes, in this case 2x4), now the pointer points at the third element, and we assign a value to it (6)

ptr += 2;        //[ ][ ][*][ ]
*ptr = 6;        //3rd

Other way to point to an element, the way with ampersand. We now point at the last element, the fourth, and assigning a value to it (8)

ptr=&arr[3];     //[ ][ ][ ][*]
*ptr=8;          //4th

Not moving the pointer but pointing two places left from the pointer, and then assigning a value

*(ptr - 2) = 4;  //2nd

Print the value which ptr points on

cout << *ptr << endl;

It will be printed "8", that shows that the pointer points to the last element.

Now print the array

for(int i = 0 ;i < 4 ;i++)
	cout << arr[i] << endl;

Printed values: 2, 4, 6, 8.

Let's see how to print using the pointer without moving it, but first, make the pointer point on the first element

ptr = arr;

then

for(int i = 0 ;i < 4 ;i++)
	cout << *(ptr + i) << endl;

or printing by moving the pointer

for(int i = 0 ;i < 4 ;i++)
	cout << *ptr++ << endl;

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Pointers are one of the hardest parts of programming to understand. But they are very useful.
When programming with pointers, we use two operators: reference operator (&) and dereference operator (*).
We use the reference operator to see the address where a variable is stored, and the dereference operator is to see the value of a variable.

Example:

int a = 10;
int *ptr = &a;
 
cout << ptr << endl;       //Will print the address of a in hex
cout << *ptr << endl;      //Will print the value of a (10)
 
//ptr = a;      This is wrong

Now, the addres of the variable a is stored in ptr, this means that ptr shows on a. According to this we can change the value of a using ptr.

See this example:

*ptr = 20;
cout << a << endl;      //Will print 20

As you see on the picture, the variable a is stored on the memory location 0002 with its value 10, and ptr is stored on the memory location 0005 and its value is the address of variable a (0002). This explains the above example.

In one the next articles we will explain using pointers with arrays, so stay tuned.

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In this post we explained writing in a file using the C# language. In this post we will explain how to do that in unmanaged C++.
So, we are creating a C++ console application, you can use Dev C++ for compiling this code.
Here is the code.

 
int main()
{
	ofstream fw;
	fw.open("text.txt");
	fw << "Some texxxxxxxxxt." << endl;
	fw << "tab\ttab, and a new line\n...." << endl;
}

We include the fstream library, it contains the ofstream and ifstream classes. They are used for writting and reading to/from files.
Then, in the main function we create an object from ofstream class, and with function open we tell the object that we will write in the file "text.txt".

We write some text to file (check the new line and tab characters).

In the end we close the handle.

This will be written in the file

Some texxxxxxxxxt.
tab	tab, and a new line
....

If you do not want to erase all text from the file and then write to it again, just make this change

fw.open("text.txt", ios::app);

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Very common programming practice is adding or subtracting an integer variable by 1.

We know that adding 1 to variable is incrementing, and subtract 1 from variable is decrementing. It only works with integer values.

Let us see some examples

i++;
i=i+1;
i+=1;

This three commands are all the same. It increments the variable i by 1. Its the same for decrementing.

The incrementation and decrementation can be made with prefix of postfix

i++;    //postfix
++i;    //prefix

Here are some examples of using prefix and postfix

int j=++i;        //1
int j=i--;        //2

The above commands are equal to this

i++;             //1
int j=i;
 
int j=i;         //2
i--;

or

i=i+1;             //1
int j=i;
 
int j=i;           //2
i=i-1;

This operators are used in many programming languages, and are very simple for using.
As we know C++ is one lever above C, so, maybe the postfix was the inspiration for Bjarne Stroustrup to name the new programming language to C++ in 1979.

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